Culture in Greenland and the pioneering people

Greenland is known for its rich culture, which plays a deep and important role in everyday life. When travelling to Greenland, you will experience Greenlandic culture from the moment you arrive. Life moves at a different pace, shaped by the rhythms of nature, and the locals are known for their warmth and hospitality.

When visiting Greenland it’s obvious to prioritise the spectacular nature experiences which the country is known for, but if you want to complete the experience, take the time to immerse yourself in the very special culture.

Greenland's historical roots are an exciting mix of different peoples' adaptations to the extreme Arctic climate, which has always characterised the world's largest island in the struggle for survival.

Modern day Greenlanders' Eskimo ancestors, the Inuit, came to Greenland just over 1000 years ago. Prior to that, Greenland was populated over a period of about 4,500 years by waves of immigrants crossing from Canada.

Throughout Greenland you can find ruins and traces of these cultures: the Saqqaq culture, the Dorset culture, the Thule culture and the Norse.

Where is the Culture Experienced?

Culture in Greenland is ubiquitous, so be open and seek out the welcoming and culturally diverse Greenlandic population.

If you have a particular interest in Norse history, South Greenland is an obvious destination. Here you will find ruins and remains from the Norse period.

Observing life in some of Greenland's small settlements is also a must. Founded in 1741, Ilimanaq is one of Greenland's oldest settlements and houses two of Greenland's oldest and best preserved houses from the colonial era, now carefully restored. Take a village tour to hear stories about settlement life and the fishing culture.

In Ilulissat you’ll find the Danish polar researcher Knud Rasmussen's childhood home, today transformed into the city's museum. Here you`ll learn about Ilulissat`s history and the polar explorer's life. He contributed, among other things to the mapping of Greenland and became especially famous for the Thule expeditions across the inland ice.

On the outskirts of Ilulissat you’ll find historic sites from the Eskimo era in the old settlement Sermermiut. Here, the 3 main Inuit cultures chose this location for hunting and fishing, ever since the Saqqaq people, who migrated from North America to Greenland approx. 4,500 years ago.

A stay in Qasigiannguit gives you a unique insight into Greenlandic culture. In the town you’ll find an interesting museum of culture and history, which those interested in archaeology will enjoy. The museum is housed in one of Greenland's oldest wooden houses from 1734.

In Aasiaat you can visit the old town and city museum. Dating from 1860, the museum is preserved in the era of the former colonial administrator’s residence. Here you’ll find exhibitions from the colonial period and the cultural history of the area in general.

In addition, the renowned Danish artist Per Kirkeby lived for a number of years in Aasiaat. He gifted 24 significant paintings to the city, which today hang in the assembly hall.

Traditional Greenlandic culture is built around fishing and hunting, but there is so much more to embrace. We recommend you explore some of the following cultural experiences:

Dog sledding

Sled dogs and dog sledding with locals are an important part of the cultural heritage. Traditionally, they have been used for hunting, transporting people and carrying supplies across the snow and sea ice. Today, dog sledding remains an important cultural tradition in Greenland where it continues to connect people with their heritage.

Join a kaffemik

‘Kaffemik’ is a special tradition where Greenlandic families open their homes when they have something to celebrate such as birthdays, confirmations, weddings - or tourists' arrival.

A taste of Greenland

Enjoy the taste of the Arctic! Greenlandic food is mainly based on fish, seafood and meat from marine mammals such as seal and whales. Reindeer, birds and other game are also common.

Visit 'Brættet', the local meat and fish market which is found in all Greenlandic cities and towns. This is where hunters and fishermen have the opportunity to sell their catch of seal, whale, muskox, reindeer, birds and many kinds of fish.

Greenlandic art and craftmanship

Greenland is a nation of creativity, with many talented craftspeople and artists. Beautiful works in stone, bone, skins and beads can be purchased throughout the country. One of the best examples are ‘tupilaks’ - small figures with origins in Greenlandic Inuit mythology, carved from bone or soapstone.

The colorful houses

The characteristic colourful wooden houses are another very special feature of Greenland. In addition to complementing nature with their rainbow hues, the painted colours had a practical purpose, with each colour indicating the function of a building. Hospitals were yellow; police stations were black; businesses were red; and fish factories were blue.

The traditional drum

The Greenlandic drum dance and drum song is a traditional form of expression which reflects the historical development of Inuit culture. Many Greenlanders enjoy singing in church or in choirs. Greenland also has a thriving music scene, with some bands and singers achieving success in throughout the Nordic region and beyond.

Greenlandic coffee

Greenlandic coffee is a speciality you should try at least once. Not only is it delicious, but the spectacle of watching it being made and the accompanying story, with each ingredient symbolising a special aspect of Greenlandic life, is a wonderful way to end an evening.

Language in Greenland

Greenland has its own national language called Greenlandic, or Kalaallisut. Most people in Greenland speak Greenlandic as their first language, and it is an important part of their culture and identity. Greenlandic is an Inuit language, which means it is related to other languages spoken by Indigenous peoples in the Arctic, such as in Canada and Alaska.

Greenlandic is known for its long words and special sounds that can be difficult for visitors to pronounce. Even so, locals appreciate it when visitors try to learn simple words like “aluu” (hello) or “qujanaq” (thank you). Speaking quietly and listening carefully are important parts of conversation in Greenland, as people value respect and patience.

Overall, language in Greenland is more than just a way to communicate: It is a way to show respect for the culture and connect with the people who live there.

For an authentic experience, be curious about Greenlandic traditions and lifestyle, but always show respect for local customs and visitor traditions. Here are five tips for being a good tourist in Greenland and having a genuine encounter with the local people:

Ask before taking photos – Always seek permission before photographing people or their homes.
Remove your shoes – If you are invited into a local home, take off your shoes at the entrance.
Be flexible with your plans – Weather in Greenland can change quickly, so be open to adjusting your itinerary and listen to local advice.
Speak softly and learn a few words – Greenlanders value quiet conversation. Try to learn simple Greenlandic words like “aluu” (hello) and “qujanaq” (thank you).
Use respectful language – Avoid using the term “Eskimo,” as it is no longer appropriate. If you are unsure about something, always ask politely.

What is the national costume of Greenland?

Greenland's national costume is a colourful outfit decorated with detailed beadwork. The women's costume often includes a beaded collar, short trousers and sealskin boots. The men's outfit usually consists of trousers, a white anorak and boots. People wear the costumes for special occasions, such as national holidays, weddings and confirmations.

Do they still use dog sleds in Greenland?

Yes, dog sleds are still used in parts of Greenland, especially in winter. They are used for transport, hunting and trips across snowy landscapes. Dog sledding is particularly common in northern Greenland and parts of East Greenland. Today, people also use snowmobiles and other modern transport.

What is traditional Greenlandic food?

Traditional Greenlandic food includes fish, seal, whale, reindeer and musk ox. People have traditionally eaten what they could hunt, catch or gather in the Arctic. Berries, mushrooms and wild herbs are also part of the local diet. Today, Greenlandic food combines these traditions with modern cooking.

What is the national dish of Greenland?

Suaasat, a traditional meat soup, is often considered Greenland's national dish. It is usually made with seal meat, onions and potatoes, though other types of meat can also be used. It is a warm, filling meal that has been part of Greenlandic food culture for generations.

What is mattak?

Mattak is whale skin with a layer of blubber underneath, traditionally eaten raw. It is usually cut into small pieces and has a firm, chewy texture. Mattak is a traditional food in Greenland and is often served at family gatherings and special occasions.

What is a kaffemik?

A kaffemik is a social gathering where people visit someone's home for coffee, cake and a chat. It is often held to celebrate birthdays, confirmations or other special occasions. Guests can usually drop by throughout the day, making it a relaxed way to spend time with family, friends and neighbours.

What is an Inuit?

Inuit are Indigenous people who have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. They live in Greenland, northern Canada and parts of Alaska. In Greenland, Inuit are often called Kalaallit. Their culture has strong ties to the sea, hunting, fishing and life in the Arctic.

What language is spoken in Greenland?

The main language in Greenland is Greenlandic, also called Kalaallisut. Danish is also widely spoken, and some people speak English. Greenlandic is used in everyday life, schools and the media.

What does Kalaallit Nunaat mean?

Kalaallit Nunaat means “Land of the Greenlanders.” It is the Greenlandic name for Greenland. Kalaallit means Greenlanders, and Nunaat means land. The name reflects the country's Indigenous people and their connection to the land.

Culture in Greenland and the pioneering people

Greenlandic culture is totally unique. Take the time to visit a local museum, observe the way children play in nature, the village life, participate in a ‘kaffemik’ or watch the drum dance. You have the opportunity to witness Greenlandic culture in all forms during our tours.